MGG 150	Business and Society (3 credits) Comprehensively provides a broad understanding of business, including various functions and their interrelationships; terminology; management fundamentals and competitive factors; legal and ethical issues; and consideration of various external elements, including society at large. Required for School of Management majors and Management minors.
MTH 131	Mathematical Analysis for Management (4 credits) For students in Management. Limits, continuity, differentiation of algebraic and exponential functions. Applications, partial derivatives and applications. Introduces integration.
PSY 101	Introductory Psychology (3 credits) General survey of perception; learning and memory; cognitive, developmental, personality, abnormal, and social psychology; and behavioral neuroscience. Requires participation in research or a short paper.
ECO 181	Introduction to Macroeconomics (4 credits) This course provides an overview of the fundamental economic principles and economic measures used to evaluate the economy, such as gross domestic product, the inflation rate, the unemployment rate, and federal deficits. The course examines how the economy functions, what causes economic difficulties, and the policies that are used to improve the functioning of the economy. This course may be taken independently of ECO 182.
ECO 182	Introduction to Microeconomics (4 credits) This course provides an overview of how individuals and firms make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources to maximize the value they obtain from these resources. The course also looks at how markets are structured and how resource scarcity has caused markets to evolve. Finally, it addresses the debate on whether regulating markets can improve their functioning. This course may be taken independently of ECO 181.
MGA 201	Introduction to Financial Accounting (3 Credits) The first course in accounting presents the underlying framework and concepts of financial accounting systems essential to the preparation, understanding, and interpretation of accounting information in the contemporary business environment. Topics examined include those related to recording business transactions, reporting corporate financial position, operating results, and cash flows, and analyzing financial strength. The impact on financial markets and society due to limitations of financial statements and lapses in ethical reporting are also covered.
MGA 202	Introduction to Management Accounting (3 Credits) The second course in accounting introduces concepts and theories in management accounting. Topics include product costing methods (e.g., job-order costing, process costing, and activity-based costing); the use of accounting information for management decisions (e.g., cost-volume- profit analysis and variance analysis); operating budgeting and performance evaluation; and capital budgeting decisions.
MGQ 201	Introduction to Statistics for Analytics (4 Credits) This course is designed to introduce students to statistical concepts and applications and cultivate student statistical literacy. Topics that are covered include descriptive statistics, probability distributions, the Central Limit Theorem, applications of the normal distribution, sampling, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. In the first part of the course, students will become proficient in using Microsoft Excel to compute and convey information; in the second part of the course, students will use calculators to estimate probabilities, perform statistical functions, and inform decisions.
MGG 215	Career Connections 1 (1 credit) MGG 215 is designed to build a foundation for career planning and exploration rooted in experiential learning. The concepts of the course revolve around connecting classroom knowledge to real world settings, promoting service learning and internships. In addition, this course will introduce students to key career related materials to assist with selecting a concentration and developing a Career Action Plan that aligns with career interests. This course is delivered over 7 weeks of the semester as a combination of lecture and small recitations.
MGG 303	Communication Literacy for Business (3 credits) This course will focus on composition in professional genres related to the field of business. The goal of MGG 303 is to help students build a strong foundation in a range of communication skills, and to improve how they write, speak, operate, and conduct themselves in the workplace. Students will also learn techniques for communicating and adapting to audiences in the workplace.

 

MGG 315	Career Connections 2 (1 credit) Introduces a strategic approach to career planning and job search. Topics/activities cover the job market, job-search resources, developing a personal marketing strategy, researching potential employers, networking, interviewing, and resume writing skills. Recommended for the junior year.
MGB 301	Organizational Behavior and Administration (3 credits) Explores the systematic interrelation of economic, technological, psychological, and sociological variables useful in observing, predicting,  and influencing organizational behavior. Students develop ways of thinking about organizational problems to increase their effectiveness as administrators.
ECO 405 and ECO 407	Microeconomic Theory 1 and Macroeconomic Theory (3 + 3 credits) Microeconomic Theory 1 This course presents the core analytical tools that economists use to model the behavior of consumers, firms, and markets. Topics include the analysis of supply and demand, consumer and producer behavior, competitive markets, monopoly, and pricing with market power. The concepts covered in this course underlie the methodology used in nearly all subfields of economics and provide a framework that can be used to analyze many practical decision problems and policy issues. Following completion of this course, students will be prepared to take upper-division elective courses in economics. Macroeconomic Theory This course is an intermediate-level examination of the sometimes-competing models of the macroeconomy. It uses economic theory to explain the causes of inflation, business fluctuations, unemployment, and economic growth.
MGF 301	Corporation Finance (3 credits) Introduces the scope and objectives of financial management, along with the concept of the risk-return trade-off. Also considers financial planning with special emphasis on evaluating capital projects and managing working capital. Discusses the methods employed to obtain funds, along with the costs associated with each alternative.
MGM 301	Principles of Marketing (3 credits) Examines the distribution of goods by marketing agencies. Considers the nature and scope of marketing problems, behavior of industrial buyers and consumers, channels of distribution, pricing, selling, marketing costs, efficiency, and governmental regulations.
MGO 302	Production and Operations Management (3 credits) Introduces the process, tools, and techniques of production and operations management. Develops sufficient skills in the use of financial, quantitative, statistical, and computer-based tools and techniques as they apply to operations management and control problems in business, industrial, service, and governmental settings.
MGQ 301	Statistical Decisions in Management (3 credits) Strengthens skills in the use of statistical methods for decision making and in the interpretation of computer output. Topics covered include estimation, hypothesis testing, regression, and analysis of variance.
MGS 351	Introduction to Management Information Systems (4 credits) Introduces the basic concepts of management information systems from the managerial perspective. Topics include systems theory, information theory, systems analysis, and database management. Also introduces computer software, such as Lotus 1-2-3 and Microsoft Access.
MGT 401	Public Policy, Law and Management (3 credits) Focuses on the regulatory and policy implications of the interaction between government and private business entities, including corporations, partnerships and other business forms. Designed to help students understand the legal environment in which business organizations operate. This course also examines the role of ethics in business decision-making and the distinction between ethical and legal constraints. Includes discussion of specific laws affecting business and management, including securities regulation, antitrust statutes, and the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation of 2002.
MGO 403	Fundamentals of Strategic Management (3 credits) Deals with organization, mgmt. & strategic positioning of the firm for gaining long-term competitive advantage. In this capstone course, you will develop skills to understand how firms gain & sustain competitive advantage; analyze strategic business situations & formulate strategies; select the best strategy for a company; provide quantitative support for recommendations; implement the strategy & organize the firm for strategic success. This course introduces and employs various analytical frameworks that help identify the sources of competitive advantage at the industry- & firm-levels. By focusing on what makes some competitive strategies strong & viable, and others weak & vulnerable, we shall develop the ability to consider the impact of change & other important environmental forces on the opportunities for establishing & sustaining competitive advantage. Only students who have fulfilled the prerequisites may enroll.

 

ECO 181	Introduction to Macroeconomics (4 credits) This course provides an overview of the fundamental economic principles and economic measures used to evaluate the economy, such as gross domestic product, the inflation rate, the unemployment rate, and federal deficits. The course examines how the economy functions, what causes economic difficulties, and the policies that are used to improve the functioning of the economy.
ECO 182	Introduction to Microeconomics (4 credits) This course provides an overview of how individuals and firms make decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources to maximize the value they obtain from these resources. The course also looks at how markets are structured and how resource scarcity has caused markets to evolve. Finally, it addresses the debate on whether regulating markets can improve their functioning.
MTH 121	Survey of Calculus and Its Applications I (4 credits) For students in social, biological, and management sciences. Limits, continuity, differentiation of algebraic and exponential functions; applications; introduces integration. This course is a controlled enrollment (impacted) course.

 

• ECO 380 Economic Statistics and Data Analysis (3 credits)
• ECO 405 Microeconomic Theory 1 (3 credits)
• ECO 407 Macroeconomic Theory (3 credits)
• ECO 480 Econometrics I (3 credits)
• 5 Upper-level ECO Elective courses (15 credits)
• Economics Elective at any level (8 credits)

• UB Seminar (1 or 3 credits) 
• Foundations (21 credits) 
  • Communication Literacy I (4 credits) 
  • Communication Literacy II (3 credits) 
  • Mathematical and Quantitative Reasoning (4 credits) 
  • Scientific Literacy and Inquiry (7 credits)
  • Diversity in the United States (3 credits) 
• Pathways (18 - 21 credits) 
  • Thematic Pathways (9 credits) 
  • Global Pathways (9 - 12 credits)
• UBC 399 UB Curriculum Capstone (1 credit) 

 

View module descriptions for UB Curriculum (PDF 615 KB)

Financial Analysis Concentration
MGA 306	Financial Reporting and Analysis (3 credits) An intermediate course in financial accounting for non-accounting majors. Topics include (1) the format and content of financial statements prepared under generally accepted accounting principles, (2) problems in disclosure and income measurement, and (3) analysis of financial statements from the users’ perspective.
MGF 402	Investment Management (3 credits) Students taking this course should expect to learn about financial markets and financial decision-making. Among others, students will learn about the fundamental principles of risk and return, diversification, and efficient markets. Further, students will study the role of financial markets in the economy, the mechanics of trading, the characteristics and pricing of equity and fixed income. The course will be of particular interest for students who contemplate pursuing a career in the investment industry. The course should also be of interest for anyone investing in the financial markets, for example, for retirement. The required prior knowledge for this course consists of the subject material covered in: MGF 301 "Corporation Finance." In addition, students are expected to possess a basic knowledge of mathematics and statistics. Students should also have a basic knowledge of Excel. Mathematical, statistical, and Excel skills required for this course will be reviewed during the course.
MGF 403	International Financial Management (3 credits) Provides the conceptual framework necessary for financial decision making in an international context. Focuses on implementing analytical tools and theory through problems and analysis of real-world global decision making. From this global perspective, explores the following traditional areas of corporate finance: investments, capital budgeting, cost of capital and financial structure, evaluation and control of operations and risk management. Within these areas, we concentrate on those decision variables that purely domestic firms tend to overlook, such as fluctuating exchange rates, differing rates of inflation between countries, differing tax systems, exchange controls, segmented capital markets, and such political risks as nationalization and expropriation.
MGF 405	Advanced Corporate Finance (3 credits) The objective of the course is to extend and put into practice the basic financial principles and tools developed in the introductory finance class, MGF 301. We will discuss specific issues related to cash flow valuation, capital investment decision, bond valuation, cost of capital, advanced capital budgeting, capital structure, application of options theory to corporate finance, and payout policy.
International Business Concentration (must complete two semesters of a foreign language)
Choose any 3 of the following
GEO 330	Dynamics of International Business (3 credits) Examines the rapidly changing dynamics of the international business environment and its impact on corporate strategies and patterns of international trade, investment and development. Covers the political, legal, technological and cultural underpinnings of the global economy. Provides students with a solid foundation for conducting international business research and making sense of current events.
GEO 333	International Trade (3 credits) Involves a theoretical and empirical study of the spatial aspects of commodity flows among countries and regions; also examines conditions leading to trade, and to barriers to the movement of goods.
GEO 334	International Business Cultures (3 credits) Introduces students to the interconnections among culture, social expectations, and international business. Covers cross-cultural communication and negotiation, cross-cultural management and alliance formation, and corporate social and environmental responsibility. The course is designed to challenge students to understand difference and to overcome stereotypes in thinking about the operation of business in different parts of the world.
MGF 403	International Financial Management (3 credits) Provides the conceptual framework necessary for financial decision making in an international context. Focuses on implementing analytical tools and theory through problems and analysis of real-world global decision making. From this global perspective, explores the following traditional areas of corporate finance: investments, capital budgeting, cost of capital and financial structure, evaluation and control of operations and risk management. Within these areas, we concentrate on those decision variables that purely domestic firms tend to overlook, such as fluctuating exchange rates, differing rates of inflation between countries, differing tax systems, exchange controls, segmented capital markets, and such political risks as nationalization and expropriation.
MGM 483	International Marketing (3 credits) As the world becomes a global village, and more corporations around the world market their products and services in foreign countries, the demand for business students with an understanding of international marketing is dramatically increasing. Thus, it becomes increasingly critical for undergraduate marketing students to: (1) develop an understanding of the concepts, principles, and practices of marketing in the global environment; (2) develop familiarity with the problems involved in marketing across national boundaries; and (3) gain knowledge of tools and approaches to develop and control marketing programs on a global basis.
Marketing Concentration
MGM 403	Marketing Research (3 credits) Investigates marketing research as a tool of market management. Analyzes the role of research in planning and controlling market activities and the techniques of marketing research, and illustrates the application to marketing problems.
MGM 404	Consumer Behavior (3 credits) Discusses pertinent theoretical and empirical findings about the behavior of consumers and industrial and institutional buyers.
Choose any 1 of the following
MGM 402	Selling and Sales Force Management (3 credits) Explores roles of the sales force and sales management team in a firm's marketing strategy. Studies selling techniques, territory management, sales force selection, sales training for improved performance, compensation schemes, and performance evaluation. Case analysis and discussion deal with problems from the perspectives of the sales representative, the sales manager, and top management.
MGM 406	Product and Brand Management (3 credits) Discusses new product development, brand and pricing strategies for existing products, and the design of promotional campaigns. Gives particular emphasis to the new product development process and the design of advertising strategy.
MGM 409	Advertising and Promotion (3 credits) Promotional strategy, one of the four P's of marketing, is critical to the survival and success of organizations because promotion forms the point of contact between the organization and its many stakeholders, especially its customers. While promotion is typically associated with advertising, today's marketers have many more options in fashioning their promotional strategies. Understanding the various promotional choices including advertising, sales promotions, direct marketing, personal selling, and  public relations and how these strategies need to work in tandem to achieve the greatest impact are among the objectives of this course.
MGM 410	Digital Marketing (3 credits) The use of digital and social media platforms are currently the most rapidly growing forms of communications between businesses and consumers. This three credit course will explore the various approaches that organizations can take to utilize social media and the web to their strategic advantage. Social strategy development, website development, content development, omni-channel integration, search engine optimization, Google AdWords and Google analytics will all be covered in this three credit course.
MGM 483	International Marketing (3 credits) As the world becomes a global village, and more corporations around the world market their products and services in foreign countries, the demand for business students with an understanding of international marketing is dramatically increasing. Thus, it becomes increasingly critical for undergraduate marketing students to: (1) develop an understanding of the concepts, principles, and practices of marketing in the global environment; (2) develop familiarity with the problems involved in marketing across national boundaries; and (3) gain knowledge of tools and approaches to develop and control marketing programs on a global basis.
Operations and Supply Chain Management Concentration
MGO 303	Supply Chain and Logistics Management (3 credits) This course deals with design and management of supply chains for competing effectively in global markets. The management of specific functions within supply chains such as manufacturing, procurement, distribution and inter-organizational information and coordination are dealt with. Some of the topics covered include qualitative and quantitative techniques for optimum configuration of supply chains, principles of postponement in design, mass customization, collaboration and coordination among various players in supply networks, global location factors for offices, plants and distribution centers, vendor managed inventory (VMI), purchasing and buyer-supplier relationships. The qualitative and quantitative techniques discussed will enable managers to minimize cost, reduce inventories, increase speed of delivery, and improve communication in today's supply chains.
MGO 304	Service Operations Management (3 credits) This course imparts an understanding of service operations management. The service sector is the largest and the fastest-growing sector in terms of contributions to GDP as well as employment. This course is designed to cover unique aspects of service operations and complexities involved in a wide range of service organizations such as health care, financial services, hotels, restaurants, education, retail, and government. The planning and control mechanisms for a variety of service situations, and ways and  means to lower the costs and boost the revenue, to achieve efficient, effective, and quality-oriented service operations will be analyzed through many quantitative models, such as queuing theory and revenue and pricing optimization, and qualitative methods.
MGO 330	Entrepreneurship and Small Business (3 credits) What's your big idea? Dreaming about starting a company, but not sure where to start? Whether your interest lies in solving the world's biggest problems, creating the next commercial success or starting a non-profit venture, this course will give you the tools to test your ideas in the real world. Learn about the key ingredients that drive success in entrepreneurial ventures. Learn what makes entrepreneurs entrepreneurial, and how they bring new ideas to market. In this course, you will gain valuable insights into how entrepreneurs start and grow companies. We will explore how to identify customers for your new venture, how to build a business model around those customers, and how to obtain financing to support your efforts. Through engaging lectures and hands-on projects, you will discover tools practiced by successful entrepreneurs. By the end of the course you will have an understanding of the entrepreneurial mindset and what it takes to thrive in your own venture.
MGO 364	Fundamentals of Project Management (3 credits) Modern project management is a process that develops new products, launches new businesses, builds new infrastructure and writes new stories, to name only a few of its applications. Whether you consider yourself a manager, an engineer, a leader, an artist, or any mix of these, you can make good use of project management. This course first examines the role of projects within organizations and our economy, and then explores the cycle of defining, organizing, and managing many different types of projects, focusing on concepts and skills increasingly critical to 21st century work.

 

• 19-27 credits (Any Level)

Communication Minor
The Communication minor is designed to increase the practical experience and theoretical knowledge of students interested in developing a broad communicative skill set to augment their primary academic career.

The minor will provide students with the latest social science developments with an eye toward how that knowledge can be effectively applied in real-world contexts such as health, business, law, and so forth. Thus the minor can facilitate their communication knowledge and skills to become more effective in their workplace or graduate career.

Economics Minor
The Economics minor allows students to understand core ideas in economics and their applications.

There is a balanced emphasis on instruction in theory, economic data, and applied economics. Instructional methods include lectures, presentations, debates, discussions, research term papers, and exams, with each chosen as appropriate to achieving course objectives.

These objectives include critical thinking, analysis of significant economic issues, evaluations of current economic policies, and data-driven measurements of the gains and losses that must be balanced when determining economically desirable policies.  

Geography Minor
Geography is concerned with the location and arrangement in space of human and natural phenomena, and with the interrelationships between people and their environments.

Geographic Information Systems focuses on the theoretical foundations geographical information science, the development and use of state-of-the-art software and emerging technology, and the collection, processing, and interpretation of geospatial information. International Trade focuses on economic and business geography, and it prepares students to critically assess the process of globalization operating in the world today, including the growth of multinationals and foreign direct investment, international trade, the internationalization of capital and financial markets, new international divisions of labor, and the rapid development of technology and innovations.

Urban and Regional Analysis focuses on a wide variety of economic and social problems related to transportation, land use, urban environment, housing, work and welfare, population changes and migration, and health within a geographical context.

Management Minor
The management minor provides a foundation in the basic language and principles of business and complements advanced study in engineering, social science, health-related professions and other undergraduate majors. 

Managers are needed in every organization and in every profession. By gaining an understanding of the basic functional areas of management, you’ll have a competitive advantage in the marketplace and throughout your career.

Marketing Minor
The marketing minor provides a focused view of marketing for the student with little or no background in business.

Modules address issues such as identifying and selecting the right consumers, understanding the interaction between these consumers and businesses, and being able to translate consumer needs and wants into products and services. The marketing minor may be particularly attractive to students majoring in communication.

Psychology Minor
The Psychology Minor is designed to address different standards for Knowledge Base in Psychology, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking, and Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World. Students should demonstrate fundamental knowledge and comprehension of the major concepts, theoretical perspectives, historical trends, and empirical findings to discuss how psychological principles apply to behavioral problems.

The scienfic inquiry and Critical Thinking skills in this domain involve the development of scientific reasoning and problem solving, including effective research methods. The skills for Ethical and Social Responsibility in a Diverse World in this domain involve the development of ethically and socially responsible behaviors for professional and personal settings in a landscape that involves increasing diversity.  

Sociology Minor
The Sociology provides students a platform to identify the major research methods used by sociologists, compare and contrast the utility and relevance of a range of methods to the study of different social issues, and apply some basic research methods to the analysis of social issues.

Students obtain knowledge of basic social science statistical methods and be able to conduct basic statistical analysis. They learn to describe the significance of social theory to society, compare and contrast basic theoretical orientations, and apply some basic theories to social issues.

The Sociology minor allows students to have comprehension of the theory, methods, and content of one or more of the areas of Family and the Life Course, Law and Social Policy, Social Inequalities, Urban and Community, or Work and Organizations. Students who choose among the major electives in our core areas will obtain more knowledge of the major historical and contemporary approaches, theories, and methods associated with the subarea within the discipline. 

View Required Modules for each Minor

All other applicants must demonstrate proficiency in English in one of the following ways. Only scores from tests taken within 2 years prior to the time of enrolment are acceptable.

English Language qualification	Minimum score
Paper-based TOEFL	550
Internet-based TOEFL (IBT)	79
IELTS	6.5
PTE Academic	55
SAT 1 ERWS	550
ACT (English and reading sections)	20
International Baccalaureate (IB) / IBCP Diploma Higher Level and or Standard Level  for English A: Language & Literature	5
Duolingo (DET)	120
IGCSE English First Language	C or above