1. Carbon Markets: Structure and Context
• Why carbon markets exist and the role of carbon credits in climate mitigation strategies
• Voluntary vs compliance markets
• Carbon pricing mechanisms and the factors driving and constraining credit demand
• Current market integrity challenges and regulatory developments reshaping the landscape
2. Carbon Credits: Types, Categories and Project Characteristics
• Nature-based vs technology-based credits
• Avoidance vs removal credits
• Sectoral examples: forestry (REDD+, ARR), energy (cookstoves, renewable energy), industrial (methane capture), and carbon removal (biochar, enhanced weathering, direct air capture)
• Inherent strengths and limitations by project type — the baseline risk profile that comes with each category before evaluating any specific credit
3. Carbon Credit Quality and Integrity
• What defines a high-quality carbon credit
• The five quality principles applied as assessment criteria:
o Additionality
o Permanence
o Leakage
o MRV
o Co-benefits and safeguards
• Common integrity risks and red flags: over-crediting, vintage risk, baseline manipulation, weak third-party verification, and reputational exposure by project category
4. Paris Agreement Article 6: Regulatory Risk and Market Impact
• Article 6 architecture
• Article 6.2 and ITMOs
• Corresponding adjustments: what they are, how double counting arises without them, and why this creates risk for credits without authorisation
• The difference between Article 6-authorised credits and standard VCM credits
• Practical risk implication: identifying whether a credit carries a corresponding adjustment and what the absence of authorisation means for corporate claim credibility
5. Using Carbon Credits Responsibly
• The role of carbon credits in a net-zero strategy
• When carbon credits are appropriate and when their use is premature or indefensible
• Claims and communication: what the VCMI Claims Code permits, what language creates legal and reputational exposure, and the distinction between high-integrity and greenwashing claims
• Aligning credit retirement with SBTi pathways and internal decarbonisation commitments
6. Applied Quality Assessment: Case Studies
7. Governance and Decision Framework
• Internal controls and approval processes for carbon credit procurement
• Due diligence checklist: the minimum information set required before committing to a credit purchase
• Monitoring, reporting, and ongoing review
• Structuring an internal policy position on carbon credit use
8. Wrap-Up and Q&A